Ijtihad and Taklid

Ijtihad

Examination of the language means exert sincerity to solve the matter. The term means exert sincerity to find a legal syar'i.

People do some things diligence required, including:

1. Knowing proof-proof syar'i the required diligence in verses such as law and hadith - haditsnya

2. Knowing the things that are associated with keshahihan and kedhaifannya hadith, such as knowing sanad and periwayat the hadith, and others.

3. Knowing nasikh-mansukh and things have become ijma '(scholars agreement), so that he does not berhukum with what has been mansukh (deleted it) or menyelisihi ijma'.

4. Knowing-proof is the proof takhsis, taqyid or semisalnya, and can menyelaraskannya with the origin of which is the main problem.

5. Know the science of language, ushul Jurisprudence, proof-proof that public-relations have a special, absolute-muqayyad, mujmal-mubayyan, and so accurate that semisalnya set in law.

6. Have the ability beristimbat (decide) the laws of the proof-dalilnya.

Effort to continue to apply at any time and in existence, including the science or scientific discussion of the problem. Please note that a mujtahid should try kesungguhannya rally in the search for truth and for berhukum with. Someone who, if properly berijtihad get two reward; reward because he had berijtihad and reward top ijtihadnya the truth, because when he is a true ijtihadnya the truth and allows people mengamalkannya, and if he is wrong, then he got a reward and an error ijtihadnya is forgiven , because the word of the Prophet: When a judge set a legal way berijitihad and temyata correct, then the reward he got two, and when he was wrong, then he got a reward. (HR. Bukhari and Muslim)


Taklid

If there is not a clear legal case for someone, mandatory for tawaquf (mendiamkannya) and he may want taklid because he does not want to be so. Allahazza wa jalla said, ask you to those who have i1mu, if you do not know. (An Nahl: 43)

Therefore, Syaikhul Islam Ibn Taimiyah rahimahullah said, attitudes taklid position as eating carrion. Therefore, when someone is able to set the law of proof-proof that there is not lawful for him bertaklid.

Ibnul Qayyim rahimahullah said in Nuniyah:

Science knows that the instructions with the proposition
Not the same between science and taklid

Taklid be done in two places

1. People who can not afford to set their own laws allowed for taklid. Basically, the word of God: you ask to people who have knowledge, if you do not know. (QS. An Nahl: 43)

Bertaklid precedence to people who berilmu and Wara '(to keep away from things that will menjurus to things forbidden. Ed.). When two people have found the same in keilmuannya, then selected the most well akhlaknya.

2. A mujtahid who find new things to be decided soon, he may not menelitinya, then at that time he could taklid.

Type-Type Taklid
Taklid that there are two kinds, namely general taklid clan taklid special.

A. General Taklid
Taklid is to hold general madzhab with all things in a certain religion, because ketidakmampuannya set their own laws.

In the problem of scholars disagree. Among them are some who think like that taklid mandatory, because it is a major difficulty for the mutaakhirin when they are required to berijtihad. Among them are some who think like that taklid forbidden, because it's the same with regular berhukum to someone other than the Prophet.

Syaikhul Islam Ibn Taimiya rahimahullah said, "Books require the addition of the Prophet obey every command and in larangannya menyelisihi ijma 'ulama. As if simply to allow, in this case the different scholars perndapat "

B. Special Taklid
Taklid special opinion is taking certain things in particular. This is allowed when a person is not able to establish the truth in a way berijtihad own, either because they are not capable at all, or he is able, under certain circumstances but the big difficulty.

Taken from Syarh Ushul Sittah, Sheikh Muhammad bin Salih Al-Utsaimin


Source http://www.perpustakaan-islam.com/

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Still Waiting

Em C
So am I still waiting
G D
For this world to stop hating
Em C } chorus
Can’t find a good reason
G D
Can’t find hope to believe in

2x Em C G D

Em G
Drop dead a bullet to my head
Em G
Your words are like a gun in hand
Em G
You can’t change the state of the nation
Em D
We just need some motivation
Em G
Since I have seen no conviction
Em G
Just lies and more contradiction
Em G
So tell me what would you say
Em D
I’d say its up, to me

-chorus-

Em C G D

Em G
Ignorance and Understanding
Em G
We’re the first ones to jump in line
Em G
Out of step for what we believe in
Em D
But whos left? To start the pleading
Em G
How far will we take this
Em G
It’s not hard to see through the thickness
Em G
So tell me what would you say
Em D
I’d say its up, to me

-chorus-

Em C G D
This can’t last forever
Em C G D
Time won’t make things better
Em G D Em
I feel so alone
Em G D Em
Can’t help myself
Em G D Em
And no one knows
Em G D
If this is worthless
Em C G D
Tell me: so

2x Em C G D

Em C
What have we done
G D
We’re in a war that can’t be won
Em C
This can’t be real
G D
I don’t know what to feel

Source http://www.kordkita.web.id/sum-41/still-waiting.html

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Fast stream reading in Java

To increase the performance of your Java application when reading from an InputStream, there are a few key areas to look into. If possible, don't make any reallocations of memory. Allocate the input buffer once. Let the Java VM do the bulk of the reading, i.e. read data in big chunks. Some coding examples show a loop that reads data a small amount at a time. This is sometimes inefficient. A much better technique is described below

If you know the maximum content length, the most optimal read would be a single line, like this:
len = instream.read( buf, 0, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE );

In this case we assume that the buffer has already been allocated with a size set to MAX_BUFFER_SIZE.

If the content is of varying size, we have to make a tradeoff between performance and memory usage. If you keep your buffer size just above the average content length, then the number of reallocations of the data buffer and the number of reads will be kept at a minimum. However if the average content length is too large to fit in memory, or if you only need access to sub sections at a time, it might be better to have the array size kept small and read from the stream.


Source http://developer.sonyericsson.com/site/global/techsupport/tipstrickscode/java/p_faststreamreadinginjava.jsp

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How to use your iPod to move your music

Switch the iPod to manual update and enable disk use

The first thing you need to do is make sure have configured your iPod to enable disk use. To do this:

1. Open iTunes on your old computer.
2. Connect your iPod to your old computer and wait for it to appear in iTunes.
3. Select your iPod in the Source pane under the Devices section to display your iPod preferences in the main library window.
4. Click the Summary tab in the main iTunes window.
5. Click the Manually manage music button. Changing from automatic updating to manual puts a check mark by Enable disk use. A message says

   "Disabling automatic update requires manually unmounting the iPod before each disconnect."

   

6. Click OK in the message window.
7. Click Apply in the iPod preferences section of the iTunes window.

Is all the music together?

To make the move as easy as possible, be sure your music is all in one place.

1. Open iTunes Preferences:
   Mac: From the iTunes menu, choose Preferences.
   Windows: From the Edit menu, choose Preferences.
2. Click Advanced and then click General.
3. Look to see if the checkbox for "Copy files to iTunes Music folder when adding to library" is selected. If it is, skip ahead to Is there enough room on the iPod. If it is not, continue to step 4.
   
4. Select the "Copy files to iTunes Music folder when adding to library" checkbox.
5. Click OK. Note: Clicking OK will cause iTunes to copy all of your music files to another location on your computer. You will need to manually remove the files from their previous locations if you are concerned about space. If your computer does not have enough hard-drive space this process will not work correctly. Please speak to your computer manufacturer or Microsoft for more information on how to obtain more space to perform this action.
6. From the Advanced menu, choose Consolidate Library. A window appears reading: "Consolidating your library will copy all of your music into the iTunes music folder. This cannot be undone."
7. Click Consolidate.

Is there enough room on the iPod?

iPod shares its hard disk space between the songs that iTunes puts on it and any files you've added when using its disk mode. To transfer music with your iPod, you need enough free space to hold a copy of all your music files in addition to any copies that may already have been placed by iTunes (this is because non-purchased songs placed on the iPod by iTunes cannot be copied off the iPod while in disk mode). To figure out how much space you have on your iPod:

1. Open iTunes on your old computer.
2. Click on Music in the Source pane. The size of your library appears at the bottom of the iTunes window:
3. 
4. Connect your iPod to your old computer and wait for it to appear in iTunes.
5. Click the iPod under the Devices section of the Source pane.
6. The amount of free space on the iPod appears near the bottom of the iTunes window:
7. 
8. If the amount of free space left on your iPod is larger than your library, skip to Copy iTunes folder to iPod.

Free up space on the iPod

If your library is larger than the amount of free space on your iPod, you'll need to free up some space on it. Here's how:

1. Click your iPod in the Source pane.
2. Click on the Music option listed under iPod in the Source pane. (If you do not see this option, click the gray arrow next to the iPod to reveal the iPod's contents)
3. Click any song that appears in the main part of the iTunes window (to the right).
4. From the Edit menu, choose Select All.
5. 
6. Important: The next step will delete all music from your iPod. If you have been using automatic update you don't need to worry, because all your music is also on your computer. If you have not been using automatic update, and your iPod has music on it from another source (other than your iTunes library), following the next step will delete that music.
7. Press Delete on the keyboard. If you see a message that says "Are you sure you want to remove the selected items from the list?", click Yes.

Copy iTunes folder to iPod

To copy all your music files (including the library file that holds all your playlists and other settings) to your iPod:

1. Quit iTunes.
2. Locate your iPod:
   Mac OS X: On the desktop
   Windows: In My Computer
3. Locate your iTunes folder:
   Mac OS X: /Users/username/Music
   Windows: \Documents and Settings\username\My Documents\My Music\
4. Drag the iTunes folder to the iPod. This can take a while if you have a lot of songs.

   

   From your old Mac to the iPod

   

   From your old Windows PC to the iPod
5. When the copy completes open iTunes.
6. Click on the iPod in the Source pane
7. Click the Eject button in the lower right corner of the iTunes window.
8. Disconnect the iPod from the computer when the "Do not disconnect" message no longer appears on the iPod screen.

Get iTunes ready on your new computer

To get iTunes ready to accept all your music on your new computer:

1. Download and install the latest version of iTunes.
2. Open iTunes on your new computer. If this is your first time to open iTunes on your new computer you will need to choose your options in the iTunes Setup Assistant.
3. Connect the iPod to your new computer.

Backup any music that's already on your new computer

Do you already have some music showing up in your Library in iTunes on the new computer? If so follow these steps to make sure this music gets saved (You can see how to add it back into iTunes in the Adding music on new computer back in section below). If not you can skip down to the Copy music to new computer section.

1. Open iTunes Preferences Mac OS X:
   From the iTunes menu, choose Preferences.
   Windows: On the Edit menu, click Preferences.
2. Click the Advanced tab.
3. Click the Reset button next to iTunes Music folder location.
4. Make sure the checkbox next to Copy files to Music folder when adding to library is checked.

   

5. Click OK.
6. From the Advanced menu, choose Consolidate Library. An alert message appears: "Consolidating your library will copy all of your music into the iTunes music folder. This cannot be undone."
7. Click Consolidate.
8. Quit iTunes.

Copy music to new computer

To copy all your music files (including the library file that holds all your playlists and other settings) to your new computer:

1. Locate your Music folder (Mac OS X) or your My Music folder (Windows) on your new computer:
   Mac OS X: /Users/username/Music
   Windows: \Documents and Settings\username\My Documents\My Music\
2. Drag the iTunes folder in this location out to the desktop.

   

   From the Music folder to the Desktop on your new Mac
   
   
   
   From the My Music folder to the Desktop on your new PC
   
   
3. Locate the iPod on the new computer:
   Mac OS X: On the desktop.
   Windows: In My Computer.
4. Double-click on the iPod to open it.
5. Drag the iTunes folder from the iPod to the Music folder (Mac OS X) or My Music Folder (Windows) on your new computer. This can take a while if you have a lot of songs.

   

   From the iPod to the Music folder on your new Mac

   

   From the iPod to the My Music folder on your new PC
6. Open iTunes.

There you go. All your music, playlists, and other information like play counts and ratings have all been moved from your old computer to your new one.

Add existing music on new computer back in

If you already had some music on your new computer, and you want to incorporate it into the music you just moved from your old computer:

1. From the File menu in iTunes, choose Add to Library (Mac OS X) or Add Folder to Library (Windows).
2. Navigate to the iTunes folder on your Desktop.
3. Click Choose (Mac OS X) or OK (Windows).

Note: Information like ratings and play count are not preserved for these songs.

Free up room on the iPod

To free up room on your iPod so iTunes can put all your music back on it:

1. Quit iTunes.
2. Drag the iTunes folder out of the iPod to the Trash (Mac OS X) or Recycle Bin (Windows).
   Mac OS X: From the File menu, choose Empty Trash.
   Windows: A Confirm Folder Delete window appears. Click Yes.

Switch the iPod back to automatic update

To set up your iPod to be updated with all your music from iTunes on your new computer:

1. Open iTunes.
2. Select your iPod in the Source pane and click the Music tab that is available on the right in the iPod Settings.
3. Click the “Sync music” option, and the “All songs and playlists” option. An alert message appears:

   "Are you sure you want to enable automatic updating? All existing songs and playlist on the iPod "ipod name" will be replaced with songs and playlists from the iTunes music library."

   Optional: Uncheck the Enable disk use button in the Summary tab if you don't want to use the iPod as a disk. If you leave this option checked you need to eject your iPod from iTunes before you disconnect the iPod from your computer.

4. Click Apply

Source http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1329

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